Kotlin

Kotlin is a modern, statically-typed programming language that runs on the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) and can also be compiled to JavaScript or native code. Developed by JetBrains and officially released in 2011, Kotlin has gained significant popularity due to its concise syntax, interoperability with Java, and enhanced features that boost developer productivity. It is particularly renowned for its use in Android app development, where it has become the preferred language, officially supported by Google since 2017.

One of Kotlin's standout features is its concise and expressive syntax. It reduces boilerplate code, making programs easier to read and write. For example, common tasks such as defining data classes, handling null safety, and writing lambda expressions are streamlined in Kotlin. The language's type inference capabilities further simplify code by reducing the need for explicit type declarations.

Kotlin places a strong emphasis on null safety, addressing one of the most common issues in Java programming: the null pointer exception. In Kotlin, the type system distinguishes between nullable and non-nullable types, ensuring that nullability issues are caught at compile time rather than causing runtime errors. This feature significantly improves the reliability and stability of applications written in Kotlin.